Titanium: lub teeb xim me me, grey, tuaj yeem hlawv hauv nitrogen, thiab muaj lub siab yaj siab. Passive titanium thiab titanium-raws li alloys yog cov txheej txheem tshiab txheej txheem tshiab, feem ntau yog siv hauv kev lag luam hauv aerospace thiab kev lag luam marine. Nws siv ntau tshaj ib puas xyoo los ntawm kev nrhiav pom ntawm titanium rau kev tsim cov khoom ntshiab. Titanium tau siv tiag tiag thiab raug lees paub tom qab xyoo 1940. Nyob rau hauv kaum-kilometer-tuab strata rau saum npoo ntawm lub ntiaj teb, cov ntsiab lus ntawm titanium yog 61}}, uas yog 61 npaug ntawm tooj liab. Yog tias koj lob tes ntawm cov av ntawm av, nws muaj ob peb txhiab ntawm titanium. Nws tsis yog qhov tsis yooj yim los nrhiav cov ore titanium nrog lub zeem muag ntau tshaj 10 lab tons. Muaj ntau pua lab ntawm tons ntawm cov xuab zeb thiab gravel ntawm lub puam. Titanium thiab zirmon, ob lub txiv ntoo loj dua li xuab zeb thiab pob zeb, tau sib xyaw hauv cov xuab zeb thiab pob zeb. Tom qab ntau lab xyoo ntawm kev ntxuav seaterater los ntawm dej hiav txwv ib hnub thiab zircon xuab zeb ore yog txheej txheej thiab zircon ore txheej ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntev. Qhov txheej txheem ore no yog cov xuab zeb dub, feem ntau yog ob peb centimeters rau kaum ntawm centimeters tuab. Titanium tsis sib nqus, yog li nuclear subtarines ua nrog titanium tsis tas yuav txhawj xeeb txog kev tawm tsam mines. Xyoo 1947, cov neeg tau pib smelt titanium hauv cov chaw ua haujlwm. Lub sijhawm ntawd, cov zis tau tsuas yog 2 tons. Xyoo 1955, cov zis surged mus rau 20, {15}} tons. Xyoo 1972, cov zis txhua xyoo ncav tau 200, {17}} tons. Lub hardness ntawm titanium yog zoo ib yam li cov hlau, thiab nws qhov hnyav yog yuav luag ib nrab ntawm tib lub ntim. Txawm hais tias titanium yog me ntsis hnyav dua li txhuas, nws lub hardness yog ob zaug uas txhuas. Tam sim no, titanium yog siv nyob rau hauv ntau ntau los hloov cov hlau hauv Rockets thiab cuaj luaj. Raws li kev txheeb cais, tus nqi ntawm titanium siv rau kev taw qhia hauv ntiaj teb tau mus txog ntau dua 1,000 tons ib xyoos. Ultra-nplua titanium hmoov tseem yog ib cov roj zoo rau pob zeb, yog li cov titanium yog lub npe hu ua hlau thiab chaw hlau.
Titanium muaj cov cua sov zoo thiab lub suab nrov me me txog li 1725 degree. Nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub, titanium tuaj yeem dag kom nyab xeeb hauv ntau cov kua qaub thiab alkali daws teeb meem. Txawm tias cov tawv tawv acid, aqua regia, tsis tuaj yeem corrode nws. Titanium yog tsis ntshai ntawm dej hiav txwv. Ib tug neeg ib zaug tuav ib daim ntawm titanium mus rau hauv qab hiav txwv. Tsib xyoos tom qab ntawd, thaum nws coj nws tawm, nws pom tias nws tau npog nrog ntau cov tsiaj me thiab cov dej hiav txwv tsis muaj xeb, tab sis nws tseem ci.
Tam sim no, cov neeg tau pib siv titanium los ua submarines - titanium submarines. Vim tias titanium yog qhov muaj zog heev thiab tuaj yeem tiv taus ntau lub siab, lub submarine no tuaj yeem ua rau lub hiav txwv tob li 4,500 meters.
Titanium yog corrosion-resistant, yog li nws feem ntau siv hauv kev lag luam tshuaj lom neeg. Yav dhau los, stainless hlau tau siv rau cov seem muaj kub nitric acid nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj reactors. Stainless hlau kuj ntshai ntawm tus neeg sawv cev muaj zog - Nitric acid. Txhua rau lub hlis, cov khoom no yuav tsum tau hloov. Tam sim no, txawm hais tias tus nqi ntawm kev siv titanium los ua cov ntu no yog kim dua li tsib xyoos, uas yog ntau tus nqi-siv tau zoo.
Hauv kev siv hluav taws xob, titanium yog ib-txoj kev valve hlau nrog lub peev xwm tsis zoo, thiab feem ntau tsis yooj yim sua kom siv titanium raws li anode rau decomposition.
Qhov tsis zoo tshaj plaws ntawm titanium yog tias nws yog qhov nyuaj rau kev kho kom zoo. Qhov no yog tsuas yog vim titanium muaj lub peev xwm ua kom tiav ntawm qhov kub thiab txias thiab tuaj yeem ua ke nrog cov pa oxygen, carbon, nitrogen thiab ntau lwm cov ntsiab lus. Yog li ntawd, txawm hais tias nyob rau hauv smelting los yog casting, tib neeg ua tib zoo saib xyuas cov khoom no los ntawm "tawm tsam" titanium. Thaum smelting titanium, tau kawg, huab cua thiab txawm tias alumina crucuity siv nyob rau hauv kev siv metallurgy yog txwv tsis pub siv hauv Metallurgy yog txwv tsis pub siv hauv kev siv tshuaj, vim yog titanium yuav coj oxygen los ntawm alumina. Tam sim no, tib neeg siv magnesium thiab titanium tetrachloride kom hnov mob hauv cov roj ntsha - helium lossis argon kom rho tawm titanium. Cov neeg siv cov yam ntxwv ntawm Titanium cov muaj peev xwm muaj peev xwm muaj peev xwm ntawm cov kub. Thaum ua cov hlau, nitrogen yog yooj yim yaj hauv Molten hlau. Thaum cov dej txias txias, npuas raug tsim nyob rau hauv ingot, cuam tshuam rau qhov zoo ntawm cov hlau. Yog li ntawd, steel ua haujlwm ntxiv hlau titanium rau molten steel ua kom nws ua ke nrog rau ntawm cov hlau uas tsis sib xws, yog li ntawd cov ingot yog tus ntshiab.
Thaum cov neeg hloov pauv yoov, qhov kub ntawm nws tis tuaj yeem ncav cuag 500 degree. Yog tias ib qho kub-resistant aluminium alloy yog siv los ua tis, nws yuav tsis muaj peev xwm tiv taus ib mus rau ob los yog peb puas qib. Yuav tsum muaj lub teeb, tawv thiab kub tiv thaiv kom hloov cov txheej txhuas, thiab titanium tuaj yeem ua tau raws li cov cai no. Titanium tseem tuaj yeem tiv thaiv qhov kev sim ntau tshaj 100 degrees hauv qab xoom. Nyob rau ntawm qhov tsawg kub, titanium tseem muaj qhov zoo thiab tsis ua nkig. Siv cov muaj zog nqus ntawm titanium thiab zirconium saum huab cua, cua tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm los tsim lub tshuab nqus tsev. Piv txwv li, lub tshuab nqus tsev ua los ntawm titanium tuaj yeem siv los rho tawm huab cua kom tsuas yog ib kaum-lab ntawm tag nrho.
Titanium oxide, titanium dioxide, yog hmoov daus dawb thiab yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws dawb xim, feem ntau yog paub txog titanium dioxide. Yav dhau los, cov neeg mined titanium ore tsuas yog rau lub hom phiaj uas tau txais titanium dioxide. Titanium Dioxide muaj cov nplaum nplaum muaj zog, tsis yooj yim rau cov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov tshuaj, thiab ib txwm yog daus-dawb. Titanium Dioxide tshwj xeeb yog muaj txiaj ntsig. Nws muaj lub siab melting taw tes thiab yog siv los ua refractory iav, ci, txha caj dab, kub tiv thaiv cov tais diav, thiab lwm yam.
