Xaiv cov khoom siv raw yog lub hauv paus ntawm kev ua tau zoo.
Kev ua haujlwm ntawm titanium tuav yog txiav txim siab los ntawm cov khoom siv raw. Thawj kauj ruam hauv kev tsim cov titanium tuav yog xaiv qhov tseeb titanium alloy qib:
1. Ntshiab titanium: Muaj zog corrosion kuj, haum rau cov kav dej tshuaj, tab sis nrog lub zog nruab nrab;
2. Ti-6Al-4V: siab zog, zoo toughness, feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv aerospace, cia siab rau nyob rau hauv lub foob pob ua ntxaij cav txuas rods;
3. Ti-3Al-2.5V: welding kev ua tau zoo, feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv aircraft hydraulic pipelines;
4. Kev kho mob-qib titanium alloys: nruj me ntsis tswj impurities (tsawg O thiab N cov ntsiab lus), ua kom ntseeg tau "kev sib haum xeeb" nrog tib neeg lub cev.
Txawm hais tias nws yog tib hom, purity ntawm raw cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb heev. Piv txwv li, titanium rods siv los tsim lub plawv stents muaj qhov yuav tsum tau rau impurities xws li hlau thiab carbon nyob rau hauv 'ppm theem' (qhov ib lab), raws li txawm me me ntawm impurities tuaj yeem ua rau tib neeg lub cev tsis lees paub.
Ua kom zoo thiab nrum los tsim 'tsis muaj qhov tsis zoo' titanium ingots.
Yog tias cov khoom siv raw yog "cov noob", ces smelting yog theem tseem ceeb ntawm "fetal kev loj hlob". Titanium muaj ib tug heev "nqaij" temperament; Thaum qhov kub thiab txias, nws yooj yim "ua phooj ywg" oxygen thiab nitrogen, thiab ib zaug kis tau, nws ua nkig. Yog li ntawd, titanium smelting yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev los yog nyob rau hauv ib tug inert gas ib puag ncig.Tam sim no, muaj ob lub ntsiab smelting txheej txheem:
1. Nqus Arc Remelting (VAR): titanium raw cov ntaub ntawv yog nias rau hauv electrodes, thiab melted nyob rau hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev rauv los ntawm kev hla hluav taws xob, txheej mus rau hauv ingots xws li "3D printing". Lub downside yog tias nws yog ib qho nyuaj heev kom tshem tawm siab - ntom impurities (xws li tungsten thiab molybdenum);
2. Cold Hearth Melting (EBCHM/PACHM): Titanium cov khoom yog melted ntawm ib tug txias hearth siv ib tug electron beam los yog plasma arc, qhov impurities yog lim tawm zoo li "xuab zeb nyob rau hauv qab", tso cai rau zus tau tej cov purer titanium ingots, haum rau siab -kawg aerospace daim ntaub ntawv; Lub sij hawm "melting, voltage" (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog melting) precisely tswj.
Piv txwv li, yog hais tias lub melting ceev ceev heev, yuav muaj "shrinkage kab noj hniav" nyob rau hauv lub titanium ingot (zoo li ib tug steamed bun uas tsis tau sawv zoo); yog tias nws qeeb dhau, nws tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev sib cais, zoo ib yam li cov nplej hauv qab ntawm lub lauj kaub thaum ua congee.
Kev kho cua sov ntawm Titanium Rods 'Customized' MicrostructureCommon heat treatment 'packages':
1. Homogenization Annealing: Cua sov lub titanium ingot mus rau qhov kub thiab txias (xws li 800-900 degree) thiab tuav nws kom tshem tawm muaj pes tsawg leeg sib cais thaum melting, zoo ib yam li kneading mov paj rau txawm hmoov tis;
2. Recrystallization Annealing: Cov cua kub tom qab ua haujlwm kub kom tso cai rau cov nplej 'crushed' kom loj hlob mus rau hauv me me, zoo li cov nplej tshiab, rov ua kom cov yas thiab tiv thaiv cov titanium rods los ntawm 'nkig';
3. Kev laus laus: Rau hom titanium alloys (xws li TC4), thawj cov cua sov kom ze rau ntawm theem hloov pauv (kwv yees li 980 degree), tom qab ntawd sai sai dej quenching rau 'khov' theem, ua raws li qis - kub aging kom precipitate me me theem, xws li 'ntxiv ib tug ntxiv dag zog rau lub zog ntawm 0%.
Thermomechanical Processing ntawm Titanium Ingots rau hauv cov khoom:
1. Kub: Kev ua haujlwm saum toj no beta theem transformation point (beta forging) tuaj yeem tawm los ntawm cov nplej ntxhib, haum rau cov khoom uas xav tau siab toughness; kev ua haujlwm hauv alpha-beta cheeb tsam tuaj yeem tsim cov qauv zoo dual-theem nrog lub zog ntau dua;
2. Tus nqi ntawm deformation: Qhov sib piv ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig-sectional cheeb tsam ua ntej thiab tom qab deformation) yuav tsum ncav cuag tsawg kawg yog 3: 1 kom ua tau zoo 'compact' lub porosity thiab gas pockets nyob rau hauv lub ingot, zoo ib yam li kneading mov paj kom txog rau thaum nws yog 's smooth thiab tsis- nplaum';
3. Ceev: qeeb deformation tso cai rau cov nplej kom muaj sij hawm 'rearrange', txo cov kev ntxhov siab sab hauv; ceev deformation tuaj yeem kho cov nplej, txhim kho lub zog.
Kev kho deg ntawm Titanium Rods
Qhov 'zoo li' thiab 'durability' ntawm titanium rods cia siab rau kev kho saum npoo. Cov txheej txheem sib txawv tuaj yeem muab titanium rods nrog sib txawv 'superpowers':
1. Acid Pickling: Da dej nyob rau hauv ib tug sib tov tov ntawm hydrofluoric acid thiab nitric acid kom tshem tawm cov oxidation txheej tsim thaum lub sij hawm ua kub (txheej txheej no yuav ua rau titanium brittle), nthuav tawm ib tug tshiab titanium nto;
2. Sandblasting/Shot Peening: Siv siab- cov xuab zeb ceev kom 'ntaus' saum npoo ntawm titanium pas nrig, uas tuaj yeem tshem tawm qhov tsis xws luag thiab tsim kom muaj kev ntxhov siab rau ntawm qhov chaw, xws li ntxiv txheej 'tsis pom qhov chaw' rau titanium pas nrig, txhim kho lub neej qaug zog ntau dua 50%, tsim nyog siv rau hauv lub cav dav hlau.
3. Electrolytic Polishing: Kev kho mob titanium rods (xws li kho hniav implants) yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov txheej txheem no kom txo tau qhov roughness hauv qab 0.1 microns, ua rau nws nyuaj rau cov kab mob 'ua raws,' yog li txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev kis kab mob;
4. Anodizing: Siv cov hluav taws xob tam sim no rau titanium pas nrig ua rau cov yeeb yaj kiab oxide tsim rau ntawm qhov chaw, uas tsis yog corrosion tsuas yog -resistant tab sis kuj tuaj yeem dyed rau ntau xim, feem ntau siv rau siab -kawg saib pluaj.
Cov khoom kuaj
1. Cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg: Siv lub spectrometer los 'scan' thiab xyuas kom meej cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov hlau alloy yog qhov tseeb rau qhov tsawg tshaj plaws;
2. Cov khoom siv tshuab: tawg ob peb 'cov qauv bar' los kuaj lub zog thiab elongation; yog tias lawv ua tsis tiav, tag nrho cov khoom yuav raug muab pov tseg;
3. Tsis yog- kuaj kev puas tsuaj: Siv ultrasound los kuaj xyuas qhov tsis xws luag xws li 'ultrasound scan', eddy tam sim no kuaj xyuas kom pom cov kab nrib pleb, thiab X-rays kom pom 'pob ntseg' suav nrog;
4. Microstructure: Siv lub tshuab ntsuas ntsuas los soj ntsuam cov qoob loo loj thiab kev faib tawm, xws li 'ua CT scan ntawm hlau', kom ntseeg tau tias kev kho cua sov ua tau raws li cov qauv.
Peb lub tuam txhab tau tsim kom muaj kev txhawb nqa kev txawj ntse thiab tom qab- kev muag khoom, muab cov lus teb ceev thiab cov kev daws teeb meem zoo los ntawm pab pawg kws tshaj lij, suav nrog ntau yam kev pabcuam suav nrog kev taw qhia kev teeb tsa khoom, kev saib xyuas tsis tu ncua, thiab kev sab laj kev tshaj lij.
